Causality Analyzer
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    • Upper-tail probability of the standard normal distribution.

      Uses Abramowitz & Stegun 7.1.26 rational approximation with maximum absolute error < 1.5 × 10⁻⁷.

      P(Z > |x|) ≈ φ(x) · t · (a₁ + t·(a₂ + t·(a₃ + t·(a₄ + t·a₅)))) where φ(x) = PDF, t = 1/(1 + p·|x|)

      Parameters

      • x: number

      Returns number